About one in every four people in the U.S. lives with a disability. That means most of us either know someone with a disability or may experience one ourselves at some point.
Disabilities can take many forms—some are visible, others are not. They may involve physical, emotional, cognitive, or learning-related challenges. A disability might be a medical condition, a social barrier, or a key part of someone’s identity.
When talking about disability, language matters. Some individuals prefer “person-first” language (like “a person with autism”), which emphasizes the individual before the condition. Others feel more aligned with “identity-first” language (such as “autistic person”), as it reflects how central the disability is to their sense of self. When possible, ask the person—or their caregiver—what they prefer. If that’s not an option, using person-first language is generally a respectful default.
General Etiquette Tips
- Ask before helping. Don’t assume someone needs assistance—offer first, and follow their lead.
- Be patient. Give people the time they need to speak or move at their own pace.
- Use names respectfully. Only use someone’s first name if you’re doing so with everyone else.
- Don’t overthink common phrases. Everyday expressions like “see you later” or “I’ve got to run” are usually fine.
- When in doubt, ask. If you’re unsure about accessibility or accommodations, just ask.
Interacting with Wheelchair Users
- Don’t lean on or touch someone’s wheelchair—it’s part of their personal space.
- Avoid patting someone on the head.
- If you’re having a longer conversation, try to sit so you’re at eye level.
Supporting People with Vision Impairments
- Let them take your arm if they need guidance—don’t grab theirs.
- Use clear directions like “turn left in 10 feet” or “it’s two yards to your right.”
Communicating with People with Hearing Loss
- Speak clearly and face the person—don’t shout.
- Keep your face visible and well-lit to support lip reading.
- Not everyone can read lips, so body language and facial expressions help.
Preparing for Interviews with Disabled Individuals
If you’re conducting an interview, especially for the media, it’s helpful to prepare in advance. Reach out to someone close to the interviewee and ask:
- “What can I do to help ___ feel more at ease?”
- “Is there anything I should know ahead of time?”
Also, confirm that the location is accessible and has a backup plan if needed.
